Hazards, risks and control measures

 

This Basic HSE Training is aims to assist the employees of the construction industry to prepare for the mandatory basic safety training courses and enables them to grasp the key knowledge in occupational safety.      

             To provide a background of health and safety issues to make staff aware of their responsibilities to themselves, colleagues and the public. Includes an overview of general health and safety, COSHH, the principles of risk assessment.

MEANING OF HAZARDS 

                  The most frequently cited definition of a hazard in terms of occupational safety and health is "A Hazard is a possible source of harm or adverse health effect on a person or persons."

                  Although the phrases "hazard" and "risk" are sometimes used synonymously, this straightforward illustration clarifies the distinction between the two.

                If there was a water spill in the room, anyone walking through it would be at risk of slipping. The risk would be reduced if a physical barrier prohibited access to that place, but the hazard would still exist.

What is Risk Assessment :

              In a risk assessment, the seriousness of the hazard and its possible consequences are taken into account together with other elements such as the degree of exposure, the population at risk, and the likelihood that the hazard will materialise. From simple calculations utilising high, medium, and low categories to complex algorithms to evaluate risks at nuclear power plants and other high risk work places, there are many various formulae used to calculate the overall risk.

It is crucial to make sure that the residual risk is "as low as is reasonably achievable" after the execution of control measures (ALARP). It must be able to show that the cost of further reducing the risk would be excessively disproportionate to the benefit.

Control measures :

                  1.Get rid of the danger Although complete hazard eradication eliminates the possibility of exposure, complete hazard eradication is not always possible. An illustration of this would be the elimination of lead from gasoline products sold at forecourts in Ireland, which has eliminated the risk of chronic lead poisoning for attendants at gas stations.

                     2. Replace the danger with one that is less severe. The total harm or health impacts will be reduced even if substituting the hazard doesn't eliminate all of the risks connected to the process or activity or introduces new risks. Toluene is now frequently utilised as a benzene replacement in laboratory research. Both have similar solvent qualities, however toluene is less poisonous and is not considered a carcinogen, despite the fact that it can seriously affect the nervous system.

                   3. Remove the danger. Restricting access to machinery and equipment and, in the case of drugs, locking them away under stringent restrictions are two ways to isolate hazards. When working with particular chemicals, a fume closet can separate the risk from the user. In a similar way, putting noisy equipment in an inaccessible space can separate the risk from the user (s).

                   4. Employ engineering safeguards Engineering controls, such as equipment guarding, proximity guarding, extraction systems, or transferring the operator to a remote position away from the hazard, include modifying a process to provide a barrier between the person and the hazard or remove the hazard from the person.

                   5. Employ administrative safeguards Administrative controls decrease the possibility of harm and/or ill health consequences on people by implementing standard operating procedures, safe work practises, or by providing the necessary training, education, or information (s). Administrative controls include measures such as isolation and permit-to-work policies.

                 6. Put on personal defence tools To lessen exposure to the risk, personal protection equipment (PPE) such gloves, glasses, earmuffs, aprons, safety shoes, and dust masks are used. PPE is frequently viewed as the last line of defence and is typically employed in conjunction with one or more other control measures. The fact that single-use dust masks cannot consistently achieve and maintain an effective facepiece-to-face seal, cannot be adequately fit-tested, and do not offer much, if any, real protection against small particulates is an example of the weakness of this control measure. These factors can create a false sense of security and increase risk.

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